Vocals
Record flat with no effects and instead find the right microphone
for the singer. In the mix, roll off everything below 100 Hz and
above 15,000 Hz. Add 2-4dB at 160Hz for male vocals or 320Hz for
female voice for warmth. Notch out the midrange, 500-800Hz, by a
few dB. Sometimes a little sparkle in the 7-8kHz area is good, if
there's no sibilance there. Finally, a little compression after
the EQ can smooth the vocals out nicely.
Automatic double-tracking. Set a delay line to a short delay,
between 5 and 30 milliseconds and hard pan the dry and delayed
part for maximum effect. Or, use a pitch shifter set between 2-4
cents and again dry sound goes hard left while the pitch shifted
part goes hard right.
Vocal reverb sounding muddy? Don't send so much bass to the reverb.
Use EQ before the reverb and take out everything below 3,000 Hz.
This gives a nice, bright splash on the plosives and hard consonant
sounds. This can make the words more intelligible in a busy mix,
too.
Put a delay before your reverb and set it to a 100% short delay
with no feedback. Send a vocal line to the delay and then on to
the reverb. In
the mix, you'll first hear the dry vocal. The delay line then
creates a gap before the reverb begins. This makes the room seem
bigger, without
needing a long (read: muddy) reverb time. Adjust the delay time
to fit your music. On choppy vocals it's cool. Dry sound . . .
silence . . . reverb
splash.
Unique sounds
Search for and use equipment, especially synths and outboard gear,
that others don't usually use. Old gear can give you a very distinct
sound.
Don't forget that EQ can be CUT to affect tonal quality, not
just boosted. Do you want a deeper bass? Cut everything from 5K
on up on the bass
track. Cutting the highs keeps all the sound in the lower register
without getting too dark or flabby.
Flange or chorus your ride and crash cymbals. Make sure to use
a noise gate to eliminate the noise of the chorus or flanger when
the cymbals
are silent. This way the effect kicks in when the cymbals are
struck with a unique wobbly sound.
Put a speaker and mic in your garage, basement, or tiled bathroom.
Place them at opposite ends so you pick up the most room sound.
Send
instrument tracks to the speaker via your mixer send and return
system and add real reverb to your mix.
Play those faders. As you begin mixing your music, keep moving
the faders up and down slightly. You bring a little extra motion
to your mix
through this subtle manipulation of levels. Often I'll diddle
with EQ and effects sends and returns, too. Nothing major. I'll
just make a few minor
tweaks live as the mix progresses. With software, you can automate
these subtle changes, too.
Vary your tempo. You can be subtle by pushing ahead a few clocks
and falling behind occasionally. Or be more intrusive by jumping
tempo in
greater leaps.
Don't forget about dynamics. I get lots of CDs and the one common
thread is dynamics . . . or a lack of any. Get soft. Get loud.
Swell. Fade.
Mix it up. Subtract some instruments from the mix. Add in everything
including the kitchen sink sample. If you don't know what I mean,
listen to
orchestral music, specifically try Mahler's Adagio to his Tenth
symphony. You'll learn what dynamics really are!
Check your mix in mono (use TV speakers). If you use small speakers,
check your bass content on full-range systems.
Less is more
Today's technology makes it very tempting to add layer upon layer.
The side effect is your song or production gets rather dense and
cluttered.
Sometimes you must step back, reevaluate, and strip it down. Heed
the advice of award-winning recording and mixing engineer Ed Cherney
(Stones, Clapton, and Raitt): "Listen to what's there, see
where the song is, [and] eliminate things to find the heart of
the song. Nobody dances to what kind of gear you used."
A clear mind creates stronger music. Also, take time away. A
mix made after ten hours of tracking rarely sounds good to rested
ears. Tired
ears = bad mix. So, make sure you take a break. And then return
to your mix with fresh ears.
Mastering
A final mix is NOT a master. Use mastering hardware or software
to add the final sweetening to the stereo mix. However, don't
over process too
much. Mastering programs make it way too easy to push the sonic
integrity of a piece. Often a little low end whump and high end
sizzle coupled to some light compression to raise the overall
level coupled to peak limiting to prevent digital distortion is
all you need. Use your favorite
CDs as a reference when mixing and mastering. Alternately, hire
a professional mastering engineer who brings experience and fresh
ears to your project.
Keep a notebook of your tricks and tips and compile a handy bag
of tricks that brings your music alive.